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Correlation of PD1 and PDL1 gene expression with clinical parameters of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients in the validation dataset. Cox regression analyses of PD1 and PDL1 gene expression levels in early and late stage squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients.

Clinical outcome interacted with expression levels of PD1 or PDL1 in squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier statistical analyses were conducted to examine the association between over-all survival and the expression of PD1 and PDL1 and the number of higher expressed genes in early stage top and late stage bottom squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients.

Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality worldwide 1. All analyses were meta-analyses, and to minimalize the differences between the eight collated microarray databases, an empirical Bayes method was used to adjust for batch effects in the eight publicly available gene expression datasets The Bayes normalization method is robust for adjusting for batch effects in studies in which the batch sizes are small.

This method was designed to stabilize very high or very low gene expression levels by dampening the variability across all other genes. We used the empirical Bayes method in this study instead of the quantile normalization method 39 because we found that the estimate of heterogeneity between different datasets calculated with the Bayes normalization method was better than that found with the quantile normalization method by mean or by median 40 Supplement Table 3 and Figure 2.

The PD1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and the PDL1 inhibitors, atezolizumab, avelumab and durvalumab 41 , unleash antitumor immunity to achieve therapeutic effects 3. When exploring the relationship between higher gene number and prognosis or outcomes, we found that for most, but not all, the higher gene expression and higher number of expression genes are more likely to bind together, therefore, the blocking mechanism avoids triggering the anti-tumor immunity, which causes the cancer cell to remain active in the body.

The limitation of this study was that only eight microarray databases were available for the search strategy. Nevertheless, the study was statistically well adjusted. Conversely, in early-stage NSCLC patients, high gene expression is associated with a favorable clinical outcome. All authors approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Read article at publisher's site DOI : To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation. J Cancer , 10 14 , 02 Jun Anticancer Res , 35 10 , 01 Oct Cited by: 48 articles PMID: J Immunother Cancer , 9 1 , 01 Jan Dis Markers , , 09 Jun J Clin Pharm Ther , 46 6 , 08 Jun Cited by: 0 articles PMID: Front Pharmacol , , 01 Sep Contact us.

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Hsu YC 3. Affiliations 2 authors 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract Background Immune checkpoint blockade therapy represents an extraordinary advance in lung cancer treatment.

Methods This meta-analysis analyzed 1, patients from eight different microarray gene expression datasets and were evaluated for their prognostic implications and verified using another independent research. Results The mean expression levels of PDL1 in adenocarcinoma AD and squamous cell carcinoma SC were significantly higher in patients who died than in patients who did not. Conclusion These findings indicate that high expression of PD1 and PDL1 is associated with superior outcome in early-stage lung cancer but an adverse outcome in late-stage lung cancer.

Free full text. Front Oncol. Published online Nov PMID: Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Reviewed by: Zaki A. This article was submitted to Cancer Genetics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology.

Received Aug 16; Accepted Oct The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Go to:. Background Immune checkpoint blockade therapy represents an extraordinary advance in lung cancer treatment. Keywords: lung cancer, microarray, immune checkpoint, survival analysis, biomarker. Adjusting for Batch Effects and Inverse-Variance Weighting An empirical Bayes method was used to adjust for batch effects in the eight publicly available gene expression datasets Open in a separate window.

Figure 1. Male 0. Squamous cell carcinoma 0. Yes 0. Dead 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Table 4 Correlation of PD1 and PDL1 gene expression with clinical parameters of squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients in the validation dataset. Male 6. Dead 6. Table 5 Cox regression analyses of PD1 and PDL1 gene expression levels in early and late stage squamous cell carcinoma lung cancer patients. Figure 4. Click here for additional data file. Cancer Statistics, CA Cancer J Clin 69 1 :7— Mol Cancer Res 12 1 — Cancer Cell 27 4 — Science —6.

N Engl J Med 8 — Int Immunol 8 5 — J Exp Med 7 — Immunol Lett 83 3 — PD-1 and its Ligands in Tolerance and Immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 26 — Immunol Lett 84 1 — Pardoll DM. Nat Rev Cancer 12 4 — Sznol M, Chen L. Clin Cancer Res 19 19 Immunity 27 1 — Oncotarget 7 49 — Sci Rep 7 1 Cancer Res 61 13 —6. J Clin Oncol 24 28 — Cancer Res 73 1 — J Clin Oncol 27 9 —6. However, each digital streaming service offers different content, such as Netflix and their original productions.

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