Law and society in modern india pdf

The state makes laws. Disobedience of state laws cause penalty, which is enforced by the Government by the power of the state. Which is not enforceable is not Law. Change of Law and Change of Social Roles: The legal system of a country reflects the rules of society. If there is a change social rules then we can say that a change in social law just occurs. Law can be changed due to social condition of any country. Many people know the revolution of Bangladesh, which is take place due to political unrest of the country.

When Bangladesh Nationalist Party forms the government they change the law and under the new law lead to the parliamentary democracy in the country. Recently acid violence, eve teasing, domestic violence took place due insufficient laws. The penalty of eve teasing is light that many people did not take the penalty seriously.

The penalty of eve teasing is given in Article 76 of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ordinance and Article of the Penal Code of affirm that any acts, conducts, or verbal abuses that are used to disgrace women are punishable by law.

This law is so light in terms of death of a innocent girl. The criminal dare breach the law this no strong law, if the law is death penalty, to force a suicide then criminal would think twice to breach law.

As we know, the acid violence is major problem I our country. Few years ago it becomes like epidemic. Now acid violence is go down due to the strong law which is death penalty. Section 4 of the Acid Crime Act, prescribes death penalty or rigorous imprisonment for life including fine taka not more than one lakh if any body causes death or makes an attempt to cause death to any child or woman by using any burning substance, e. The law also states that, import, production, storage, sale or usage of acid without a license is a punishable offence.

But the mechanisms prevalent to regulate importation, preparation and sale of the acid used in these attacks are inadequate. However, the Acid control Act, , provides for the formation of a national council to control the selling use, production, import, transportation and storing of acid.

The law is hard that everyone obey the law regarding the acid violence which causes less acid related crime. Every person loves their own life. Conclution: Legal system reflects all the energy of life within in any society. So, we can say that rules had to be change according to the roles of the society. Law also reflects the society. Such as, in Saudi Arabia law are based on Quran and Sunnah.

In Bangladesh property act, marriage act and many other act based on the Quran and Sunnah. Also when emergency arise, then according to the social condition the law is also changed by the Government. So, we can say that, the relationship between law and society are interrelated. This Essay has attempted to demonstrate the strength of the paralegal approach both through a close examination of a young paralegal program in Sierra Leone and through an assessment of the range and character of paralegal programs existing in the world.

Our paralegals in Sierra Leone have worked with thousands of poor Sierra Leoneans to achieve concrete, meaningful solutions to justice problems at low cost and under some of the most severe structural circumstances in the world. Their successes echo those of their counterparts in contexts as wide-ranging as urban England and rural Bangladesh. The paralegal is a potent force for justice, yet the global human rights and development communities have paid her relatively little attention.

At the first International Conference on Primary Health Care in what is now Kazakhstan in , some countries committed to the Declaration of Alma-Ata and the aim of providing primary health care to all people. The vision of primary health care endorsed at Alma-Ata included an important role for primary health workers, who would be connected to the formal health system and who would use a diverse set of tools, including education, immunizations, promotion of nutrition, and family planning, to deliver the first line of health care.

If the ideals of human rights are to be made real for all people, there is a similar need for universal access to basic justice services. We have in the institution of the paralegal a powerful method for providing such services, one that combines knowledge of the law with the creative, flexible tools of social movements. Paralegals relate to lawyers and the formal legal system not unlike the way primary health workers relate to doctors and the formal medical system: a dynamic force at the frontline, with a wider set of tools and aims; a force which, when necessary, facilitates communication between the people and the experts.

If any mistake here please pardon me…. Related Papers. For example, individual personalities when brought together like in urban locations start behaving different with different interests that offend, affect, humiliate others where control to such diverse behaviours is necessary hence laws end up being established especially in urban settlements.

People live in chaotic and uncertain era on earth whereby without laws, it would be more worse where normal activities would be exercised with chaos. In other words, law is a social norm, infraction of which is sanctioned in the treat by the application of physical force by possessing the socially recognised privilege.

Prevents state of nature: - Law and predictability provides no guarantee for world safety. However, it can create an environment where people believe in its worthwhile to produce, venture and to live for the future.

It prevents establishment of total anarchy governing systems if there been no laws despite few instances of anarchy but remains law respected societies. It therefore provides an orderly, peaceful process for resolving conflicts with programs that will establish corporation, what would be impossible to exercise if laws were not in place.

Modernisation and social change: - Law plays a significant role in a current generation where modernisation and social change is the order of transition from past to present and future.

For example, hackers of private information as United States of America during presidential elections claims that election process was interfered by Russia through hacking their communication systems. Therefore, demanding for modifications of technological systems and laws governing internet hackers.

Furthermore, reinforcement of the belief in the old panchayat systems, abolition of the abhorrible practices of untouchability, child marriages etc are typical illustrations of social change in laws. Its therefore an effective medium or agency, bringing about social change in the country across the world where social change involves an alteration of the society on its economic structures, values, political and social dimensions which end up undergoing modifications.

It then implies that law has been pivotal in introducing changes in the societal structure and relationships as it develops society wider understanding in changes at all levels hence adapt. Prevents social stigmas: - Laws contribute highly to the society in preventing social stigmas that individuals may get exposed to especially disadvantaged categories of persons like persons with disabilities, women, refugees, and many others. Despite existence of some significant cases of stigmatisation but it has significantly gone down like abuse of refugees, migrants, persons with disabilities who in some societies traditionally term it as a curse.

Some societies where human beings fight, abused and killed by their own species hence law integrates in protecting them of the underprivileged. Future predictions: - Laws always have information on expectations as consequences resulting from actions against stipulated boundaries of actions.

It restricts people who may get carried away due to the freedom or privilege granted by the absence of law. The abuse of the law will affect individual economically, mentally and physically which applies to a majority hence whenever there is law in place, people are aware of any prominent consequences. Laws therefore have future predictions on any violations in the society. Laws should be designed to protect individual personal and civil rights against forces which would curtail or restrict from liberal support by public which can hence meet challenges of resistance and later isolation of societies or specific categories of people who may be resistant to changes of laws.

Otherwise laws are important in the society for positive living. Challenges of Laws in the Society Despite laws are part of the society and are inseparable, there are some challenges experienced during law enforcements in societies. They include; a. Depending on the levels of literacy rates in a society, laws are always misinterpreted by the society different hence causing high levels of violations. This affects the society socially, economically and politically hence deteriorates the levels of society transformation.

Cultural conflict. Many cultures have different beliefs, values, norms and leaderships that they depend on for their survival. Nations like Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Zimbabwe that have diversities in cultural beliefs and values, laws have always caused serious conflicts where people face death penalties as a result of any offense in some cultures.

Most Arab countries where Christianity is not allowed and few Christian religions operate in hiding in fear for execution.

Saudi Arabia is one of the significant nations built on Wahhabism with strict interpretation of Islam. It therefore implies that public sentiment towards Christians is generally negative with full government support through maintaining a tight knit Islamic system that treat Christians as second-class citizens. Discriminative There is no doubt that laws encourage discrimination based on the historical background and what cultural personalities that established the specific law come from.

It therefore comes out as discriminative law. Given historical Apartheid in South Africa that occurred as a result of discriminative policies, laws, rules where direct segregation of people was the order of the day during colonial era. Laws in other words can be discriminative. Laws in society can be so challenging in the sense of culture but on the other hand, without laws, people would be more chaotic with limited controls.

Therefore, laws remain paramount in our societies. Control measures In every action, there will always be a reaction no matter how good an action will be. Challenges of laws in societies can be dealt with in different ways as control measures and that includes; a.

Awareness creation. Knowledge is wealth according to some quotations which may be in one way or the other.

It is very important for awareness creation among societies on new laws established to avoid ignorance on specific regulations. Awareness can either be in social media, focus group discussions, trainings, seminars, one on one basis, radio, televisions and many other ways to ensure people have heard the information of the established law. With awareness creation, society will become sensitized in laws before its implemented to avoid mishaps of receiving high perpetrators due to ignorance.

Laws can be written in different language that might have challenges in proper interpretation for the society to fully understand the concept of the law. This needs a thorough translation and interpretation for uneducated society to understand otherwise, the law may end up being rejected by the society due to high abrasion on traditional norms, values, rules that limit societies. Therefore, there is need for translation of the law into society dialect for easy interpretation.

In summary, despite challenges there is need for laws in society for guidance of chaotic behaviors especially young generation that has persistently got involved in criminal activities. Conclusion Laws in a society are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior where necessary creating peaceful and harmonious society.

It therefore guides on political, economic and social harmony hence serves as a social mediator in the society. On the other hand, administrative law is for analyzing and decision making by government agencies like ministries while international law governs affairs between states in activities that may involve trade at international level. Hence the legal response in this aspect of social or technological problem is mainly a social action that may aggravate a given problem and alleviate and its solution.

Toggle navigation Back to results. Law and society in modern India. Responsibility Marc Galanter ; ed. Physical description c, p. Available online. Full view. Law Library Crown. G25 Unknown. More options.

Find it at other libraries via WorldCat Limited preview. Bibliography Includes bibliographical references p.